In this episode of Women’s Health, Interrupted, we speak with Dr. Maria Teresa Ferretti about why sex and gender differences matter in health research, what happens when they are overlooked and where are the barriers. We explore women’s brain health and Alzheimer’s disease, asking why women experience a disproportionate burden of Alzheimer’s and how studying biological sex differences could help advance prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. We also discuss the immune system and what differences in immune responses can teach us about women’s brain health. Dr. Ferretti also shares her own experience with precision medicine, and her hope for the future of Alzheimer’s disease and precision medicine. Because understanding sex differences is an important step towards precision medicine.